Law Revision Kit Certified Public Accountants Essay Example for Free

Law Revision Kit Certified Public Accountants Essay ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No piece of this distribution might be imitated, put away in a recovery framework or transmitted in any structure or using any and all means, electronic, mechanical, copying, recording or in any case without the earlier composed authorization of the copyright proprietor. This distribution may not be loaned, exchanged, employed or in any case discarded by any method of exchange without the earlier composed assent of the copyright proprietor. Â © THE REGISTERED TRUSTEES STRATHMORE EDUCATION TRUST 1992 Directions FOR STUDENTS This investigation direct is proposed to help Distance Learning understudies in their free examinations. The course has been separated into eight exercises every one of which ought to be considered as around multi week of study for a full time understudy. Take care of the support issues checking your answer with the proposed arrangement contained at the rear of the separation learning pack. At the point when the exercise is finished, rehash a similar technique for every one of the accompanying exercises. Toward the finish of exercises 2, 4, 6 and 8 there is an exhaustive task that you should finish and submit for checking to the Distance Learning executive. Accommodation PROCEDURE 1.After you have finished a far reaching task obviously recognize each question and number your pages. 2.If you don't comprehend a part of the course content or a task question show this in your answer with the goal that your marker can react to your difficult zones. Be as explicit as could reasonably be expected. 3.Arrange the request for your pages by question number and fix them safely to the information sheet gave. Satisfactory postage must be fastened to the envelope. 4.While trusting that your task will be checked and come back to you, keep on working through the following two exercises and the relating support issues and complete task. On the finishing of the last far reaching task, a fourteen day time of modification ought to be done of the entire course utilizing the material in the update area of the examination pack. Toward the culmination of this period, the last Mock Examination paper ought to be finished under assessment conditions. This ought to be sent to the Distance Learning Administrator to show up in Nairobi at any rate five weeks before the date of your sitting the KASNEB Examinations. This paper will be stamped and presented back on you inside about fourteen days of receipt by the Distance Learning Administrator. Affirmation We appreciatively recognize consent to cite from the past assessment papers of the accompanying bodies: Kenya Accountants and Secretaries National Examination Board (KASNEB); Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA); Chartered Association of Certified Accountants (ACCA).

Marketing Tips 9 Thoughts on How Good Marketing Really Pays Off

Promoting Tips 9 Thoughts on How Good Marketing Really Pays Off Route back in December 2015, I conveyed an introduction as a major aspect of the LinkedIn Success Summit, composed by Liam Austin, author of EntrepreneursHQ. Liam caught up with me after that introduction utilizing techniques that can be converted into some extraordinary promoting tips. (Spoiler alert: Liam secretly composed an article by me about how to be â€Å"super amiable on LinkedIn,† the connection to which is at the base of this blog.) Back to 2015. I gave my introduction, received a huge number of LinkedIn associations in return, and didn’t ponder it after that. I got a couple of neighborly advertising messages from Liam in 2016, including a review and an encouragement to join a Facebook gathering of participants from the Summit. In February 2017, Liam wrote to commend me on my own showcasing exercises and to monitor how I was doing. At that point, over a year later (only a long time back), Liam welcomed me to make referrals to his â€Å"Ambassador Program,†Ã¢ an chance to advance his every day promoting tips. Regardless of my general positive sentiments about Liam, I disregarded his intrigue. And afterward, out of nowhere, a message from Liam showed up in my inbox declaring that he that he had composed an article in my voice †about the introduction I had conveyed in 2015! I had numerous responses to this declaration that have convinced me to pay attention to Liam’s advertising tips:: Amazing, this person works admirably of keeping steady over his system. I want to be that sorted out. What? He will distribute an article as though it were composed by me? Presently I have an altering employment to do. Holy cow, couldn’t you give a young lady a smidgen of caution? (Perusing the blog) I have a genuine altering employment to do so I can be OK with this article’s distribution. In any case, I kinda like the tone and the general essence of what Liam got from my introduction. I like that he accumulated the topic of facing a challenge and putting yourself out there. This is cool! Free exposure that will get me introduction to a rundown of 50,000 individuals. I believe that at any rate 100 and perhaps up to 10,000 of will really peruse this article. I wonder what Liam’s open rate is? This will make an incredible blog! (As I’m composing the blog) Hmm, perhaps I should take a gander at this Ambassador Program all things considered (she taps on the connection). Goodness, this could be helpful for somebody beginning in showcasing. An advertising tip a day may be something a few people will need. Alright. I’ll connection to the program in my blog. I should most likely peruse this article to check whether he truly made the alters I mentioned. Goodness, gee, he made some of them yet at the same time figured out how to reinsert some comma joins and expressions I could never utilize. Anyway. I’m done taking on this conflict. The thoughts are mine and a great many people won’t notice the mistakes in any case! (Truly I’ve gotten a piece surrendered throughout the years.) I’m happy I have a general approach not to utilize professional writers. I incline toward my own actual sites! You may be pondering when I’m going to give you the connection to this acclaimed article, apparently composed by me. Here it is, alongside a little video passage from my LinkedIn Summit introduction: Instructions to Become Super Likable On LinkedIn On the off chance that I haven’t made it understood in the entirety of my works and ramblings about LinkedIn, I truly figure it’s basic to â€Å"do you† on LinkedIn and not seems like any other person. Liam concurs and I’m upbeat that he did such a significant number of the correct things throughout the years: Namely, connecting, connecting, and connecting, again and again. I wager his day by day promoting tips would assist you with doing likewise and appreciate comparable achievement. Coincidentally, the accounts from the LinkedIn Summit are as yet accessible, in the event that they intrigue you! What's more, on the off chance that you need assistance making an overly agreeable LinkedIn profile, look at my LinkedIn profile composing servicesâ and of course,â contact meâ if you have any inquiries.

Different Topics That Can Be Covered With Accounting Term Papers

Different Topics That Can Be Covered With Accounting Term PapersAccountancy term papers are a simple way to capture your ideas and express yourself in a concise manner. Writing an accounting term paper is a great opportunity to explore all of the different topics that can be included into this type of paper. Whether you choose to focus on corporations or a personal situation, there are a lot of different areas that you can cover with accounting term papers.As with any other writing project, if you have a particular subject or topic that you want to discuss, you should make sure that you research it before you begin writing. A good way to do this is to find a book or magazine article about the topic. Find out how often people research different subjects, and use this information to help you become more familiar with the topic.It's also a good idea to ask a friend or colleague for their opinion on the topic and then use this information when deciding what information to include in your own writing. You should keep in mind the fact that there are always things that you can add to your accounting term paper, even if you don't have a specific topic. Simply because you aren't covering the same topic, doesn't mean that you can't write about it. The key is to be creative and resourceful, and remember that there are a lot of different subjects that can be written about and covered.When you're working on your term paper, it's important to determine what financial information you need to research. This is because you may need to include that information throughout your writing, and will need to know where to find it. It's a good idea to have a table or spreadsheet that you can use as a reference when you're researching the financial information.One very common topic that people write about is the corporate finance part of an accounting term paper. This involves researching the company's financial statements, including its balance sheet, income statement, cash flow stateme nt, and balance of payments statement. These financial statements can give you a lot of valuable information to get started with your term paper. Even if you're not doing an actual audit of the company, these documents can still provide you with valuable information to help you with your academic paper.Another common topic that is included in accounting term papers is the company's cash flow. In this section, the accounting student will research a company's financial statement and find out how much money the company has come in, and what the company is spending that money on. This information can help you better understand the financial situation of the company, and gain insight into whether or not the company is spending their money wisely.Another aspect of business, and possibly a legal process, are the taxation. This section of the academic paper will delve into the different ways that a company can be taxed, including profit and loss accounts, and different tax brackets. Underst anding the different tax brackets can help you better understand your own taxes.A business' tax rate is also important information that should be researched when writing an accounting term paper. While the topic itself isn't particularly complex, having an understanding of what a certain tax rate means is essential when writing your term paper. Being familiar with different tax rates is important because they can help you with a lot of different situations, and if you aren't, you will end up getting lost while trying to find information.

Why Compare Kincaids Girl and Olsens I Stand Here...

Why compare Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† and Jamaica Kincaid’s â€Å"Girl† Daughter and mother relationship is an endless topic for many writers. They meant to share the bond of love and care for each other. Nevertheless, in the real world their relationship is not as successful as it ought to be. The stories â€Å"Girl† and â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† are examples of this conflict. The author of the short story â€Å"Girl† Jamaica Kincaid was born and raised up to the age of seventeen in Antigua, a former colony of Great Britain. In her short story â€Å"Girl†, Kincaid presents the experience of being young and female in a poor country. The story is structured as a single sentence of advice that a mother gives to her daughter. The mother expresses her†¦show more content†¦According to Davis-Yuval â€Å"intersectionality† refers to the interaction between gender, race, and other categories of differ ence in individual lives, social practices, institutional arrangements, and cultural ideologies and the outcomes of these interactions in terms of power. My aim is to analyse where gender, race, class and ethnicity are interconnected in both â€Å"Girl† and â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† and what are the â€Å"outcomes† of these intersections. To do that I will have to analyse the question: how people experience subjectively their daily lives in terms of inclusion and exclusion; discrimination and disadvantage; specific aspirations and specific identities. Furthermore, I will have to pay attention to people’s â€Å"attitudes and prejudices towards others† as well as to the way they see themselves and their communities. I will present the images, symbols, texts and ideologies as their representations. Both stories explore the issues of inclusion and exclusion. On the one hand, the characters are members of national societies, respectively the character s of â€Å"Girl† are members of the black Antiguan society and the characters of â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† are members of the American society. They are included in these societies; however they suffer exclusion due to their, as Yuval-Davis calls that, â€Å"naturalized† social division. In â€Å"Girl† the mother and the daughter are born black and that predetermines their position in the

How to Say Happy Birthday in Russian

The most common way to say happy birthday in Russian is Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  (zDNYOM razhDYEnya). Of course, there are numerous other birthday wishes you can offer, depending on the situation and your relationship with the person whose birthday it is. There are also several well-known Russian birthday toasts and birthday songs. Russian Birthday Greetings The most common Russian birthday greeting is Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã' .Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ²Ã °Ã'€Ð µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã' ! is a fun, informal way to wish a happy birthday to children or friends.In addition to the standard greeting, you can add extra birthday wishes, such as Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ð ²Ã' Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð »Ã'Æ'Ã'‡Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ³Ã ¾ (wishing you all the best).The most popular birthday song in Russia is called ПÐ µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã ºÃ ° Ð ºÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã »Ã ° ГÐ µÃ ½Ã'‹ (Crocodile Genas Song). Happy Birthday to Children or Friends When addressing children or friends, you can say Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ²Ã °Ã'€Ð µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'  (zDNYOM vaRYENya). This expression is a fun, informal birthday wish that comes from the popular Russian cartoon ÐÅ"Ð °Ã »Ã'‹Ã'ˆ Ð ¸ КÐ °Ã'€Ð »Ã' Ã ¾Ã ½ (Smidge and Karlsson). Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ²Ã °Ã'€Ð µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'  translates to Happy Jam Day. Birthday Congratulations in Russian Once you have given the standard birthday greeting (Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã' ), you should offer additional birthday wishes. Here are the most common birthday congratulations in Russian. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ð ²Ã' Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð »Ã'Æ'Ã'‡Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ³Ã ¾ Pronunciation: ZhyLAyu VSYEvoh SAmavuh LOOtshivuhMeaning: Wishing you all the best.Usage: This expression can be used both formally and informally and is suitable for most situations. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ã' Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾-Ã' Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Pronunciation: ZhyLAyu SAmavuh SAmavuhMeaning: Wishing you all the very best.Usage: This expression is informal and can be used with friends and family. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ð ²Ã' Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ³Ã ¾, Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ã'‚Ã'‹/Ð ²Ã'‹ Ã' Ã µÃ ±Ã µ Ã' Ã °Ã ¼/Ð °/Ð ¸ Ð ¶Ã µÃ »Ã °Ã µÃ'ˆÃ'Å'/Ð ¶Ã µÃ »Ã °Ã µÃ'‚Ð µ Pronunciation: ZhyLAyu vsyVOH taVOH, SHTO ty/vy siBYE sam/saMAH/Sami zhyLAysh / zhyLAyityeMeaning: Wishing you everything that you wish for yourself.Usage: An informal expression, this birthday phrase is suitable when speaking to a friend, a close colleague, or a relative. (Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž) Ã' Ã'‡Ð °Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã'  Ð ¸ Ð ·Ã ´Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ²Ã'Å'Ã'  Pronunciation: (ZhyLAyu) SHAStya ee zdaROHvyaMeaning: (Wishing you) happiness and health.Usage: This is a general birthday expression and can be used in any situation. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã ¿Ã µÃ'…Ð ° Ð ¸ Ã'€Ð °Ã ´Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸ Pronunciation: ZheLAyu oosPYEhah ee RAdasteeMeaning: Wishing you success and joy.Usage: A general expression suitable for formal and informal situations. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã °Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¾Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Pronunciation: ZheLAyu haROshivuh nastraYEneeyaMeaning: Wishing you good spirits / to be in a great mood.Usage: This is an uplifting general phrase that can be used in most situations. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ð »Ã'ŽÐ ±Ã ²Ã ¸ Pronunciation: ZhyLAyu lyubVEEMeaning: Wishing you love.Usage: This is another general expression that can be used as an extra birthday wish in a series of good wishes. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'‹ Ã'Æ' Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã'  Ð ²Ã' Ã µ Ð ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¾, Ð ° Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã µ Ð ·Ã ° Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¾ Pronunciation: ZhyLAyu SHTOby oo tyeBYA VSYO BYluh, ah tyBYE za EHtuh nichiVOH NYE byluhMeaning: I wish that you have everything and dont get in trouble for it.Usage: An informal and humorous phrase, it can be used in most informal situations, including work and family birthday celebrations. It is also great for using as a toast. Birthday Toast This humorous birthday toast is informal and playful. Its perfect for group birthday wishes, offered with glasses raised. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ð ²Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã' Ã'‘Ð ¼ Ð ±Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ¹ / Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã'‹Ð ¼,Ð’Ã' Ã µÃ ³Ã ´Ã ° Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å' Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã'Ž Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ'Æ',Ð Ã ¸Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ´Ã ° Ð ½Ã µ Ð ±Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å'Ð µÃ ¹ Ð »Ã ¸Ã'ˆÐ ½Ã µÃ ¹ / Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã ¼ Ð »Ã ¸Ã'ˆÐ ½Ã ¸Ã ¼,ИÐ ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å' Ã' Ã ²Ã ¾Ã ¸ Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚Ã'‹Ã'€Ð µ Ã'Æ'Ð ³Ã ¾Ã »Ã ºÃ °,И Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ±Ã'‹ Ð ²Ã' Ã'‘ Ð ² Ð ¶Ã ¸Ã ·Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã ° Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å'. Translation: Wishing you to always be first in everything,To always have your second half,To never be a third extra,To have your own four corners,And for everything in life to be a 5. The toast uses the numbers one through five to offer cleverly-phrased wishes for success (to be first in everything), love (your second half), companionship (never be a third extra), a place of ones own (your own four corners), and happiness everything in life to be a 5). The use of the number 5 refers to the Russian grading system; a 5 is the highest grade a student can receive. Happy Birthday Song in Russian The best-known Russian birthday song comes from Cheburashka (Ð §Ã µÃ ±Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð °Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ °), a popular Soviet cartoon. Called Crocodile Genas Song (ПÐ µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã ºÃ ° Ð ºÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã »Ã ° ГÐ µÃ ½Ã'‹), the song creates a nostalgic birthday mood for many contemporary Russians. The lyrics are provided below with an English translation. ПÐ µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã ºÃ ° Ð ºÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã »Ã ° ГÐ µÃ ½Ã'‹' (Russian Lyrics) ПÃ'Æ'Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ±Ã µÃ ³Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ Ð ½Ã µÃ'Æ'Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÐ ¶Ã µÃÅ¸Ã µÃ'ˆÐ µÃ'…Ð ¾Ã ´Ã'‹ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð »Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã °Ã ¼,Ð  Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ° Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð °Ã' Ã'„Ð °Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'‚Ã'Æ' Ã'€Ð µÃ ºÃ ¾Ã ¹.И Ð ½Ã µÃ' Ã' Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã ¼Ãâ€™ Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'‚ Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å' Ð ½Ã µÃ ¿Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã ¹,ПÐ ¾Ã'‡Ð µÃ ¼Ã'Æ' Ã'  Ð ²Ã µÃ' Ã µÃ »Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã'‚Ð °Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ¹. Ð  Ã'  Ð ¸Ã ³Ã'€Ð °Ã'Ž Ð ½Ã ° Ð ³Ã °Ã'€Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ µÃ £ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã'… Ð ½Ã ° Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã'Æ'.К Ã' Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'Ž, Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å' Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã' Ã ¢Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ã'€Ð °Ã · Ð ² Ð ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã'Æ'. ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã »Ã µÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã'‚ Ð ²Ã ´Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ³ Ð ²Ã ¾Ã »Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ±Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃâ€™ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ¾Ã ¼ Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã »Ã µÃ'‚Ð µÃËœ Ð ±Ã µÃ' Ã ¿Ã »Ã °Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ºÃ °Ã ¶Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ºÃ ¸Ã ½Ã ¾.Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'  Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ´Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã'‚И, Ð ½Ã °Ã ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ½Ã ¾, Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã'‚ÐÅ"Ð ½Ã µ Ð ² Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã °Ã'€Ð ¾Ã º Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã' Ã ¾Ã'‚ Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã ¼Ã ¾. Ð  Ã'  Ð ¸Ã ³Ã'€Ð °Ã'Ž Ð ½Ã ° Ð ³Ã °Ã'€Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ µÃ £ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã'… Ð ½Ã ° Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã'Æ'.К Ã' Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'Ž, Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å' Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã' Ã ¢Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ã'€Ð °Ã · Ð ² Ð ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã'Æ'. Crocodile Gena's Song (English Translation) Let the pedestrians run clumsily through the puddlesAnd the water run on the pavement like a river.It is unclear to the passers-byOn this wet and dull dayWhy I’m so happy. And I’m playing the accordionFor everyone to see.It is unfortunate, butBirthdaysOnly come once a year. And suddenly a wizardWould fly in, in a sky blue helicopter,And show a movie for free.He would wish me a happy birthdayAnd probably leave as a present for me500 chocolate ice-cream lollipops. And I’m playing the accordionFor everyone to see.It is unfortunate, butBirthdaysOnly come once a year. The English-Language Happy Birthday Song The standard English-language birthday song has its own Russian translation. While it is not as popular as Crocodile Genas Song, the birthday song is well-known in Russia and can be sung just as it is in English-speaking countries. The Russian lyrics are: Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã' , Ã'  Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã' , Ã'  Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã' , Ã'  Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ã'  Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã' . Russian Birthday Traditions Most Russians celebrate their birthday on or after their official birth date. This is because of a popular superstition which states that offering birthday wishes before someones birthday could put that person in danger. For the same reason, giving presents before someones official birthday is also frowned upon. Some Russians put an extra candle on the cake to ensure a good birthday year. Candles are meant to be blown out all at once, and if you make a wish while blowing out the candles, it is considered bad luck to share it. Another Russian birthday tradition involves pulling the birthday persons ears a certain number of times: their age in years plus one. The silly ritual is often accompanied by the following chant: Ã'€Ð °Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ð ±Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'ˆÐ ¾Ã ¹ Ð ¸ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã'Å' Ð »Ã °Ã ¿Ã'ˆÐ ¾Ã ¹ (rasTEE balSHOY ee ni BUD lapSHOY). The saying literally translates to grow big and dont be a noodle—in other words, grow big and dont be foolish.

Bullying Policies And Procedures For Children And Young...

All schools are required by law to have measures in place to prevent bullying and most schools have a zero policy to it. We must also be aware of our own settings policy and procedures for bullying incidents and ensure that we always uphold these policies. If we do this then it leads to trust that the school and the staff take bullying seriously and will not allow it, thus giving the children and young people confidence to report any bullying incidents in confidence, knowing that it will then be looked into. The anti bullying policies and procedures in settings with children and young people help to ensure that the they can feel secure and safe in the setting, can be fully engaged in their own learning and development and also be inspired†¦show more content†¦Staff in the school should promote positive behaviour and peer support and self esteem and social skills should be promoted with the children and young people. Stories can be read and even perhaps role playing can be used to put across the anti bullying policy. It can also be helpful to talk about bullying and why it is wrong,. Question: Question 19 Answer: The best way to support children, young people and their families when bullying is suspected is first of all to listen to the child or person that is being bullied when they talk to you about it. We must reassure the child by letting them know that it is not their fault and that they were very brave to come to us to let us know, and that we will now get the issues resolved. We must ask the child or young person what they are wanting to do next about the bullying and let them know the options that are available to them. The bullying must be taken seriously and investigated thoroughly. We must also make sure that we talk to the childs parents or carers about the bullying showing them respect and assuring them that we will investigate the incidents and resolve the issues. It is important that we remain calm at all times as this can beShow MoreRelatedExplain Child Protection in the Wider Concept Essays1210 Words   |  5 PagesExplain child protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and young people. Today we use the term safeguarding instead of child protection because it covers a much broader range. These changes were influenced by the first Joint Chief Inspectors’ safeguarding report 2002 and formalised in the Every Child Matters legislation outlined in the Children Act 2004. By safeguarding a child or young person we ensure they get the very best of the opportunities available to them for themRead MoreIdentify the Current Legislations, Guidelines, Policies and Procedures for Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People Including E-Safety.758 Words   |  4 Pagesguidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people including e-safety. 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Genetics Biology

Question: Describe, using an example for each, three ways in which genes can behave in a non-Mendelian manner? Answer: Gregor Johann Mendel was a scientist and founder of the modern genetics concept. Inheritance is one of the most important and common area of study under modern genetics (Bardoe and Smith, 2006). The reception of genetic features from parents to children or offspring by transmission is known as inheritance (Kimura, 2008). In genetics broadly two types of inheritance are well-known: Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance (Campbell, Reece and Simon, 2004). Segregation ratio of children considerably deviates from expected Mendelian ratio. Though in heritance pattern followed in bacteria, viruses and fungi is non-Mendelian, this term commonly applies to occurrences within eukaryotic reproduction where Mendelian inheritance is characteristically expected. Mendelian inheritance is said to be the inheritance of biological characteristics, which pursues the laws put forward by the renowned scientist Mendel in the year 1856 and 1866. Non-Memdelian inheritance is said to be a common term, whic h refers to any type of inheritance pattern where traits do not separate in relation to Mendels laws. The laws illustrate the traits inheritance related to particular genes on chromosomes inside the cell nucleus (Shontz and Cummings, 2011). According to the Mendelian laws, individual parent donates one out of two possible alleles for a single trait (Van den Veyver and Peng, 2009). Non-Mendelian inheritance takes part in various disease processes. Genes can behave in a non-Mendelian manner or can also be termed as the exceptions of Mendelian inheritance. Few are discussed here. Incomplete dominance: incomplete dominance is said to be a type of intermediate inheritance where a single allele for a particular trait is partially dominant over the other allele. This gives rise to a completely new phenotype where the characteristic is a combination of recessive and dominant phenotypes (van Heyningen, 2004). Crossing of two transitional phenotypes will give rise to the return of intermediate and parental phenotypes. Generally in this condition, the wild type allele produces functional protein and recessive allele either produces no functional protein or does not have correct function. Few examples of incomplete dominance are: a pink snapdragon flower, result of cross-pollination between a white and a red flower, where neither the red nor the white allele is dominant. Rabbit with brown coloured fur, result of one parent rabbit with red allele and one parent rabbit with white allele for fur colour, but no colour is dominating over each other (Phadnis, 2005). Mating of big size American Bulldog and small size American Bulldog and their pup is medium in size. Incomplete dominance is also termed as partial dominance. In this case the phenotype of heterozygous genotype is different and frequently intermediary to the phenotypes of homozygous genotypes (Pritchard and Korf, 2013). In terms of quantitative genetics, if the phenotype of a heterozygote is accurately between the two homozygotes then the phenotype is supposed to express no dominance at all. Co-dominance: co-dominance is said to be an association between two genetic versions. Individuals obtain single version of an allele from each parent. If these alleles are different the dominant allele will get expressed usually and the effect of the recessive allele is masked. In this type of inheritance neither allele is recessive. In co-dominance phenotypes of both the alleles get expressed (Shontz and Cummings, 2011). Co-dominance is different from incomplete dominance where an additional phenotype is generated and both alleles get expressed completely. AB blood group is the example of co-dominance. In human ABO blood group system, the chemical modifications of H antigen on the red blood cell surfaces are controlled by three alleles (Cummings, 2014). IA and IB are co-dominant to each other and dominant over recessive i. The IA coded enzyme adds N-acetylgalactosamine to the H antigen that is membrane-bounded. The IB coded enzyme adds galactose to the H antigen and i allele produce s no alteration. Thus IA and IB are dominant over i. Individuals with IAIA and IAi have A blood group, similarly, individuals with IBIB and IBi have B blood group. Individuals with IAIB have alterations on the blood cells and therefore have AB blood type. Hence IAIB alleles are co-dominant. A and B proteins are functional here and are expressed on the blood cells. Epistasis: epistasis is said to be an interaction between two or more than two genes to manage a particular phenotype. It is an incident which includes single gene effect being reliant on the presence of single or more modifier genes (Zwick, 2010). In this type of gene interaction the epistatic gene can prohibit the manifestation of phonotypical characteristics of hypostatic gene. In case of dominant epistasis inhibitor allele (I) is the dominant allele. Therefore, the inhibition takes place within dominant homozygosity (II) or heterozygosity (Ii). In recessive epistasis inhibitor allele (i) is the recessive allele of epistatic gene. Hence, inhibition takes place just in recessive homozygosity (ii). The word epistasis is originated from a Greek word and the meaning of this word is standing over (VanderWeele and Laird, 2010). So, simply this term represents an interaction between two loci, where phenotypic effect of a single locus depends on the genotype of another locus (Oetting and King, 1999). It is important to note the basic differences between dominance and epistasis. Dominance involves gene interactions which are intra-allelic (Hartl, 2011). But epistasis involves gene interactions which are inter-allelic. In case of dominance single allele hides the result of another allele at same pair of a gene. But in case of epistasis individual gene covers the consequence of other gene at dissimilar gene loci (Ahluwalia, 2009). The gene responsible for albinism is an epistatic gene. Albinism means lack of pigmentation. Albinism gene has two variations: non-albino allele and albino allele. The albino allele cannot synthesize melanin pigment. Mice have other allele pairs involved in the placement of melanin. These are agouti allele that generates dark melanisation of hair, except yellow band at tip and black allele that generates melanisation of entire hair (Lewis, 2007). If melanin is not generated then neither black nor agouti can get expressed, in situations where mouse is homozygous for albino gene. Therefore, homozygosity for the gene responsible for albinism is epistatic to black or agouti alleles and stop their expression (Campbell, Reece and Simon, 2004). In case of incomplete dominance epistasis is present and in case of co-dominance, genes are self-governing and can exist together. This association can be illustrated by one more example: suppose, gene S directs the spine sharpness in cactus. Cactus with dominant allele (S) has sharp spines and homozygous recessive cactus (ss) has dull spines. Simultaneously, N, a second gene determines whether cacti have spines and homozygous recessive (nn) cacti have no spines. Therefore, in this condition, the association between the genes S and N is the example of epistasis (Pritchard and Korf, 2013). When epistatic alleles are aa, and hypostatic alleles are BB, Bb and bb, then the phenotypic expression will be a. When the epistatic alleles are AA and Aa, hypostatic alleles BB and Bb, then the phyno typic expression will be B and when the epistatic alleles are AA, and Aa and hypostatic alleles are bb, then the phenotypic expression will be b. This paper thus describes how genes can behave in a non-Mendelian manner by focusing on the main three ways: incomplete dominance, co-dominance and epistasis. References Ahluwalia, K. (2009).Genetics. New Delhi: New Age International. Bardoe, C. and Smith, J. (2006).Gregor Mendel. New York: Abrams Books for Young Readers. Campbell, N., Reece, J. and Simon, E. (2004).Essential biology. San Francisco: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings. Cummings, M. (2014).Human heredity. CA : USA: Yolanda Cossio. Hartl, D. (2011).Essential genetics. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Kimura, R. (2008).Genetic inheritance patterns. New York: Nova Biomedical Books. Lewis, R. (2007).Human genetics. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Oetting, W. and King, R. (1999). Molecular basis of albinism: Mutations and polymorphisms of pigmentation genes associated with albinism.Hum. Mutat., 13(2), pp.99-115. Phadnis, N. (2005). Widespread Correlations Between Dominance and Homozygous Effects of Mutations: Implications for Theories of Dominance.Genetics, 171(1), pp.385-392. Pritchard, D. and Korf, B. (2013).Medical Genetics at a Glance. Hoboken: Wiley. Shontz, N. and Cummings, M. (2011).Study guide [for Cumming's] human heredity principles and issues. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning. Van den Veyver, I. and Peng, H. (2009). Mendelian Inheritance and Its Exceptions.GLOWM. van Heyningen, V. (2004). Mechanisms of non-Mendelian inheritance in genetic disease.Human Molecular Genetics, 13(suppl_2), pp.R225-R233. VanderWeele, T. and Laird, N. (2010). Tests for Compositional Epistasis under Single Interaction-Parameter Models.Annals of Human Genetics, 75(1), pp.146-156. Zwick, M. (2010). Reconstructability Analysis of Epistasis.Annals of Human Genetics, 75(1), pp.157-171.